Pathar Se Pahiye Tak: Insaani Sabhyata Ki Kahani
(The Story of Stone Age)
Ek aisi duniya ki kalpana kijiye jahan na bijli hai, na mobile, na paka hua khana, aur na hi surakshit ghar. Jahan har raat sone se pehle ye dar hota tha ki kahin koi jangli janwar shikar na kar le.
Aaj hum aaram se gharon mein baithkar history padhte hain, lekin hamare purvajo ne lakhon saal tak junglon mein jeene ke liye sangharsh kiya. Nange pair chalna, kachha maans khana, aur patharon se hathiyar banana—isi kathin safar ne insaan ko yahan tak pahunchaya.
History ki kitabon mein ise Stone Age ya Pashan Kaal kaha jata hai. Ye sirf patharon ka yug nahi tha, balki insaani dimaag ke vikas ki kahani thi—jahan ek jeev dheere-dheere “insaan” bana.
1. Pura Pashan Kaal (Paleolithic Age): Sangharsh ka Daur
Ye sabse purana daur tha, jab insaan poori tarah prakriti par nirbhar tha. Is samay ka manav Hunter-Gatherer tha—shikar karta aur jungle se phal, jad, aur beej ikattha karta.
Zindagi kaisi thi?
Insaan gufao mein rehta tha ya pedon par sone ko majboor tha. Kapdon ka koi concept nahi tha. Thand aur garmi se bachne ke liye pedon ki chhaal ya janwaron ki khal ka istemal hota tha.
Sabse badi khoj: Aag
Is daur ki sabse badi aur krantikari khoj Aag (Fire) thi. Aag ne insaan ko kai tarah se badla—
- Thand aur andhere se suraksha
- Jangli janwaron se bachav
- Khana pakane ki shuruaat
Paka hua khana aasani se pachta tha, jisse sharir ko zyada energy mili aur dimaag ka vikas tez hua.
2. Madhya Pashan Kaal (Mesolithic Age): Badlav ki Aahat
Lagbhag 10,000 saal pehle, duniya ke mausam mein badlav aane laga. Barf pighalne lagi aur garmi badhi. Is parivartan ne insaan ki jeevan shaili ko bhi badal diya.
Hathiyar huye chhote aur tez
Ab bade patharon ki jagah Microliths ka istemal hone laga. Ye chhote, tez aur nukile pathar ke auzar hote the, jinhe lakdi ya haddi ke saath jodkar teer-kaman banaye gaye.
Pashupalan ki shuruaat
Insaan ne samjha ki har janwar ko shikar karna zaroori nahi. Kuch janwaron ko paala ja sakta hai. Kutta (Dog) pehla paltu janwar bana, jo shikar aur suraksha mein madad karta tha. Baad mein bhed aur bakri jaise janwar paale gaye.
3. Nav Pashan Kaal (Neolithic Age): Ek Kranti
Ye wo daur tha jahan se modern society ki buniyad padi. Insaan ne ghoomte-phirte jeevan ko chhodkar ek jagah tik kar rehna shuru kiya.
Kheti ka janm
Insaan ne ye khoj ki ki beej se paudhe ugte hain. Dheere-dheere gehu (wheat) aur jau (barley) jaise anaajon ki kheti shuru hui. Isse khane ki sthir vyavastha bani.
Pahiye ka avishkar
Pahiya (Wheel) insaani itihaas ki sabse badi khojon mein se ek mana jata hai. Isne saman dhone, safar karne aur mitti ke bartan banane jaise kaamon ko kaafi aasan bana diya.
Gaaon aur bastiyan
Kheti ke saath logon ko fasal ki dekhbhal ke liye ek jagah rehna pada. Yahin se pehle gaaon bane, jo baad mein samaj aur sabhyata mein badal gaye.
UPSC & Exam Corner: Important Facts
| Term / Site | Mahatva |
|---|---|
| Bhimbetka (Madhya Pradesh) | Paleolithic aur Mesolithic kaal ki gufa chitrkari milti hai, jo us samay ke jeevan aur soch ko darshati hai. |
| Mehrgarh (Balochistan) | Neolithic age ki pramukh site, jahan kheti aur pashupalan ke prachin saboot mile hain. |
| Microliths | Mesolithic kaal ke chhote pathar ke auzar. |
| Burzahom (Kashmir) | Yahan gartavas (zameen ke andar bane ghar) aur kutte ke saath dafnane ke saboot mile hain. |
Aaj Ke Jeevan Par Stone Age ka Asar
Samaj aur property ka concept
Neolithic age mein sthayi jeevan shuru hone ke saath “meri zameen” aur “mera ghar” jaise vichar paida huye. Aaj ke property aur border disputes ki jad yahin milti hai.
Khane ki aadatein
Aaj hum jo anaaj kha rahe hain, unki shuruaat unhi purvajo ne ki thi jinhone jungli ghaas ko fasal mein badla.
Survival instinct
Group mein rehna, khatre ko mehsoos karte hi alert ho jana—ye sab hamare DNA mein chhupa hua Stone Age ka survival instinct hai.
Nishkarsh
Pathar se shuru hui insaani yatra aaj smartphone aur space technology tak pahunch chuki hai. Stone Age ne humein ye sikhaya ki agar insaan ke paas sochne ki shakti, naye vichar aur badalte halaton ke saath dhalne ki kshamata ho, to wo kisi bhi mushkil ko paar kar sakta hai.
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